![]() ĭifferent instruments exist to measure parental stress with different levels of evidence (e.g., Caregiver Strain Questionnaire (CGSQ ) Family Impact Questionnaire (FIQ ) Parenting Daily Hassles Scale (PDH ) Parental Stressor Scale Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents (SIPA ) Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS-F ) and Parental Stress Scale (PSS or related to specific times such as labor or postpartum or preterm birth ). From toddlerhood to adolescence, increased parental stress can create a chaotic family environment that would contribute to an increase in children’s behavioral problems. Parenting stress has also been associated with other disorders such as parental anxiety and depression, marital conflict, poorer physical health, reduced parenting effectiveness and as a source, origin or reinforcement of children’s behavioral problems. The impact of high levels of parental stress can have a direct impact on a child’s socio-affective and cognitive development. The study of that construct is of great clinical and research interest because it has been linked to negative parenting characteristics, such as low levels of parental warmth, unhealthy parenting styles, harsh discipline and potential child neglect or abuse. Parental stress has been defined as stress related to parenting, as opposed to other forms of stress experienced by parents, such as economic hardship, work or academic stress or negative life events. Conclusions: The difficulties of working with a measurement instrument with 101 items means that the full version of the PSI has been little studied, except in translation and linguistic adaptation studies. However, they follow the line noted in the previous short version, a high internal consistency and a factor structure of three factors. ![]() Although version 4 was published in 2012, the studies are scarce. Results: The screening process resulted in 16 articles four have analyzed the psychometric properties of the PSI-4 and the rest have studied the PSI-3. ![]() Method: Following the PRISMA guide (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), the studies related to the PSI were identified in different databases (ERIC, PsycArticles, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science). The aim of this research is to identify the psychometric indicators obtained by this instrument and to review the evidence they can provide. This article is part of a project to translate and adapt the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), fourth edition, in its two forms (full and short). Different instruments exist to assess parental stress. This construct is often experienced as a negative or aversive response to parental obligations, and the available evidence also suggests that excessive parenting stress reduces the use of positive parenting behaviors and are related to dysfunctional parenting. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types.Parental stress is a construct related to people’s perception of difficulties and feelings of not being able to cope with the demands of parenting. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. It is the pressure resulting from a force of one pound-force applied to an area of one square inch.Ĭ provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. The pound per square inch or, more accurately, pound-force per square inch (symbol: psi or lbf/in² or lbf/in²) is a unit of pressure or of stress based on avoirdupois units. The unit is named after Blaise Pascal, the eminent French mathematician, physicist and philosopher. The pascal (symbol Pa) is the SI unit of pressure.It is equivalent to one newton per square metre. The definition of a pascal is as follows: The SI prefix "micro" represents a factor of micropascal to kilogram-force/square millimeter. ![]() Psi to micropascal, or enter any two units below: Enter two units to convert From: You can do the reverse unit conversion from
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